With time, disc bulges or herniations, malalignment of the vertebral segments (spondylolisthesis), osteophyte (bone spur) formation, enlargement (hypertrophy) of facet joints, and ligamentum flavum thickening may all gradually contribute to a narrowing of the spinal canal
De Leo E, Elmonem MA, Berlingerio SP, Berquez M, Festa BP, Raso R, Bellomo F, Starborg T, Janssen MJ, Abbaszadeh Z, Cairoli S, Goffredo BM, Masereeuw R, Devuyst O, Lowe M, Levtchenko E, Luciani A, Emma F, Rega LR (2020) Cell-based phenotypic drug screening identifies luteolin as candidate therapeutic for nephropathic cystinosis
2024;13:e55067
doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.003101
The correct dosage of B12 varies considerably depending on whether you are maintaining adequate levels, preventing deficiency, or treating diagnosed B12 deficiency
Additionally, the inhibition of GPX4 was thought to accelerate uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, leading to cell death, whereas GPX4 and ACSL4 double knockout cells had significantly prolonged overall survival (Yang et al., 2016)