Nrf2 deficiency decreases NADPH from impaired IDH shuttle and pentose phosphate pathway in retinal pigmented epithelial cells to magnify oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction
bn = billion (10 9 ) Sources: * SHS 2012 [19] and AMIS 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 [47] Calculated from SHS and AMIS data (same source as *) Federal Office of Statistics [30] Calculated see text See table 1 When applied to the resident population aged 15+ years [30], these figures translate into reported consumption which, again, is rather stable over the period, ranging from a minimum of 6.31 bn units (in 2014) to a maximum of 6.65 bn units (in 2012)
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