One major question still remains: What is driving these changes
This would have compromised our ability to isolate the effects of interest in this study, as we could not have known if differences between conditions were driven by the content (mental or physical health) and/or the framing (negative versus gain based)
Smoking also makes a lot of other cancers more likely, including cancers of the mouth, kidney, liver, bladder, pancreas, stomach, colon, and rectum
Sadly vaping in Japan and smoking in Japan are not the same things, with the country allowing vapes BUT not allowing vapes with nicotine inside them
The heterogeneity of biological models observed in e-cigarette toxicological studies makes it difficult to compare data across studies as a result of two main issues
Archived from the original on 8 January 2009