Our findings indicate that demographic factors (such as age, sex, marital status, education level and employment status), implementation of smoking prohibition regulations at work or school, and history of premature cardiovascular disease in male relatives are associated with smoking intensity among adult smokers
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Sources MHRA / GOV.UK - E-cigarette regulations for consumer products
There are also studies suggesting an "additive effect" on brain structure and function for substance abuse and traumatic brain injury (Barker et al., 1999
Co-authored by Rani Gorgis This article was co-authored by Rani Gorgis
These participant covariates included age, sex, body mass index calculated from measured height and weighed height for age and sex adjustment, education level, sleep quality evaluated through questionnaire using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 19 , eating habits assessed via a valid food frequency questionnaire, and environmental exposure history such as secondhand smoke exposure and occupational respiratory hazard
